Personal Pronouns and Basic Verbs
Objective: Understand and use personal pronouns in German. Learn to conjugate and use essential verbs: sein (to be), haben (to have), gehen (to go), and kommen (to come).
1. Personal Pronouns
1.1. List of Personal Pronouns
- ich (I)
- Example: Ich bin müde. (I am tired.)
- du (you; informal singular)
- Example: Du bist nett. (You are nice.)
- er (he)
- Example: Er ist Lehrer. (He is a teacher.)
- sie (she)
- Example: Sie liest ein Buch. (She is reading a book.)
- es (it)
- Example: Es regnet. (It is raining.)
- wir (we)
- Example: Wir gehen ins Kino. (We are going to the cinema.)
- ihr (you; informal plural)
- Example: Ihr seid freundlich. (You are friendly.)
- sie (they)
- Example: Sie spielen Fußball. (They are playing soccer.)
- Sie (you; formal singular and plural)
- Example: Sie sind herzlich willkommen. (You are warmly welcome.)
1.2. Usage in Sentences
- Ich (I) – Use when talking about yourself.
- Du (you) – Use when talking to one person informally.
- Er/Sie/Es (he/she/it) – Use when talking about one person or thing.
- Wir (we) – Use when talking about a group including yourself.
- Ihr (you) – Use when talking to multiple people informally.
- Sie (they) – Use when talking about a group of people or things.
- Sie (you) – Use for formal situations, addressing one or more people.
2. Conjugation of Common Verbs
2.1. Verb: sein (to be)
- ich bin (I am)
- du bist (you are; informal singular)
- er/sie/es ist (he/she/it is)
- wir sind (we are)
- ihr seid (you are; informal plural)
- sie/Sie sind (they/you are; formal)
Examples:
- Ich bin Lehrer. (I am a teacher.)
- Wir sind glücklich. (We are happy.)
2.2. Verb: haben (to have)
- ich habe (I have)
- du hast (you have; informal singular)
- er/sie/es hat (he/she/it has)
- wir haben (we have)
- ihr habt (you have; informal plural)
- sie/Sie haben (they/you have; formal)
Examples:
- Ich habe einen Hund. (I have a dog.)
- Sie haben zwei Kinder. (They have two children.)
2.3. Verb: gehen (to go)
- ich gehe (I go)
- du gehst (you go; informal singular)
- er/sie/es geht (he/she/it goes)
- wir gehen (we go)
- ihr geht (you go; informal plural)
- sie/Sie gehen (they/you go; formal)
Examples:
- Ich gehe zur Schule. (I go to school.)
- Wir gehen ins Restaurant. (We go to the restaurant.)
2.4. Verb: kommen (to come)
- ich komme (I come)
- du kommst (you come; informal singular)
- er/sie/es kommt (he/she/it comes)
- wir kommen (we come)
- ihr kommt (you come; informal plural)
- sie/Sie kommen (they/you come; formal)
Examples:
- Ich komme aus Deutschland. (I come from Germany.)
- Sie kommen aus Frankreich. (They come from France.)
3. Practice Exercises
3.1. Pronoun Identification
- Identify the correct personal pronoun for the following sentences:
- ___ (S) isst einen Apfel. (He/she/it eats an apple.)
- ___ (S) haben eine Frage. (We have a question.)
3.2. Verb Conjugation
- Conjugate the following verbs for different subjects:
- haben: (I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they)
- sein: (I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they)
- gehen: (I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they)
- kommen: (I, you, he/she/it, we, you, they)
3.3. Sentence Formation
- Create sentences using the following subjects and verbs:
- Subject: du, wir, sie (they)
- Verbs: haben, gehen, kommen
- Example Sentences:
- Du hast ein Buch. (You have a book.)
- Wir gehen ins Kino. (We go to the cinema.)
3.4. Role-Play
- Pair up with a classmate or friend. Use personal pronouns and conjugated verbs to introduce yourselves and talk about your activities.
- Example:
- Person A: Ich bin Anna. Ich habe einen Hund. Was machst du? (I am Anna. I have a dog. What are you doing?)
- Person B: Ich bin Max. Ich gehe zur Schule. Wie kommst du zur Arbeit? (I am Max. I go to school. How do you get to work?)
- Example:
Summary:
- Personal pronouns are used to replace nouns in sentences, indicating who is performing the action.
- Verb conjugation changes the form of the verb to match the subject of the sentence.
- Practice using personal pronouns and conjugating verbs in simple sentences to improve fluency.